General
| UDS | | --- | --- | --- | --- | | Drug | Duration (+) – Short term | Duration (+) – Long term | False Positives | | Amphetamine | ≤2 days | ≤4 days | Atenolol, Propranolol, Bupropion, Nasal Decongestant | | Cocaine | ≤2 days | ≤7 days | High Specificity | | Cannabis | ≤3 days | 1-2 months | Hemp-containing foods | | Opioids | ≤3 days | ≤3 days | Poppy Seeds | | Phencyclidine | ≤7 days | ≤7 days | Dextromethorphan, Diphenhydramine, doxylamine, Ketamine, Tramadol, Venlafaxine|
- Measures morphine (Breakdown product of all-natural opioids)
- Morphine, heroin, codeine
- Can't detect Semisynthetic and synthetic opioids
- Oxycodone, hydrocodone, hydromorphone, fentanyl, meperidine, methadone, tramadol
- Synthetic cannabinoids
- Use Gas/Mass spectrometry
- Drug Inducers/Inhibitors/Metabolism
- Carbamazepine enhances Carbamazepine, Clonazepam, Itrazonazole metabolism
- Phenytoin enhances Cortisol, Dexamethasone, Itraconazole metabolism
- Spironolactone inhibits Digoxin metabolism
- Cimetidine inhibits Diazepam, warfarin metabolism
- Hepatic Blood flow limited
- Amitriptyline, Isoniazid, Labetalol, Meperidine, Morphine, Propranolol, Verapamil
- CYP Drugs
| CYP | Substrates | Inducers | Inhibitors |
|---|---|---|---|
| 1A2 | Acetaminophen, Duloxetine, Mirtazapine, Olanzapine, Ramelteon, Ropinirole, Tamoxifen, Tizanidine, Warfarin | Green Vegetables, Grilled meat, Omeprazole, Smoking | Cimetidine, Ciprofloxacin, Zileuton |
| 2A6 | |||
| 2B6 | Bupropion, Clopidogrel, Cyclophosphamide, Ketamine, Methadone, Promethazine, Propofol, Selegiline, Sertraline, Ticlopidine | Carbamazepine, Cyclophosphamide, Fosphenytoin, Phenobarbital, Rifampin | Amiodarone, amlodipine, clopidogrel, fluoxetine, ketoconazole, paroxetine, sertraline |
| 2C8 | Amiodarone, Carbamazepine, Diclofenac, Ibuprofen | Barbiturates | Gemfibrozil, Montelukast, Trimethoprim |
| 2C9 | Celecoxib, Diclofenac, Dronabinol, Glimepiride, Glipizide, Glyburide, Ibuprofen, Losartan, Meloxicam, Naproxen, Phenobarbital, Phenytoin, Rosuvastatin, Sulfamethoxazole, Torsemide, Valsartan | Barbiturates, Carbamazepine, Phenytoin, Rifampin | Amiodarone, Clopidogrel, Fluconazole, Fluvoxamine, Metronidazole, Phenytoin, Sulfamethoxazole, Valproic Acid |
| 2C18 | Tolbutamide, Phenytoin | Phenobarbital | |
| 2C19 | Aripiprazole, Citalopram, Clopidogreal, Diphenhydramine | Barbiturates, Carbamazepine, Phenytoin | Cimetidine |
| 2D6 | Amitriptyline, Carvedilol, Chlorpromazine, Clozapine, Fluoxetine, Haloperidol, Hydrocodone, Metoclopramide, Metoprolol, Nortriptyline, Oxycodone, Paroxetine, Risperidone, Selegiline, Tamoxifen, TCAs, Tramadol, Trazodone, Venlafaxine | ||
| Bupropion, Diphenhydramine, Fluoxetine, Haloperidol, Paroxetine, Terbinafine | |||
| 2E1 | Acetaminophen | Ethanol | Amitriptyline, Cimetidine, Modafinil, Selegiline, Sildenafil |
| 3A4 | Acetaminophen, | Barbiturates, Carbamazepine, Glucocorticoids, Phenytoin | Diltiazem, Verapamil |